Lipari, Italy
4th century BCE
Argos-Mykines, Greece
4th century BCE
Elis, Greece
4th century BCE
Catanzaro, Italy
4th century BCE
Thasos, Greece
6th century BCE
Thasos, Greece
6th century BCE
Cattolica Eraclea, Italy
6th century BCE
Corfu, Greece
580 BCE
Termini Imerese, Italy
5th century BC
Ierapetra, Greece
1700 BC
Kandanos Selinos, Greece
400 BC
Lecc, Italy
8th century BCE
East Mani, Greece
5th century BCE
Tusa, Italy
403 BCE
Agrigento, Italy
480 BCE
Cassano all'Ionio, Italy
720 BCE
Ithaki, Greece
1300 BCE
Vittoria, Italy
599 BCE
Arcadia, Greece
7th century BCE
Policoro, Italy
432 BCE
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.