Jever, Germany
14th century
Lahnstein, Germany
1226
Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Germany
11th century
Hirschhorn, Germany
1250-1260
Pfronten, Germany
1418-1432
Flensburg, Germany
1595
Riedenburg, Germany
12th century
Durbach, Germany
11th century
Hellenthal, Germany
12th century
Ratingen, Germany
1276
Mitwitz, Germany
13th century
Egloffstein, Germany
14th century
Neuleiningen, Germany
1238-1241
Ebern, Germany
c. 1180
Ochtrup, Germany
16th century
Altwindeck, Germany
12th century
Cadolzburg, Germany
13th century
Grünwald, Germany
12th century
Paderborn, Germany
1257
Hohnstein, Germany
c. 1200
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.