Ahrensburg, Germany
1595
Schönau, Germany
13th century
Schesslitz, Germany
12th century
Waischenfeld, Germany
11th century
Kirchheim unter Teck, Germany
1538-1566
Lemgo, Germany
1570-1587
Klingenmünster, Germany
c. 1200
Wegberg, Germany
17th century
Diez, Germany
11th century
Langerwehe, Germany
13th century
Blomberg, Germany
13th century
Brodenbach, Germany
12th century
Frauenstein, Germany
13th century
Pfarrweisach, Germany
13th century
Oppenheim, Germany
13th century
Untergruppenbach, Germany
11th century
Bedburg, Germany
13th century
Illingen, Germany
14th century
Kerpen, Germany
13th century
Kronburg, Germany
c. 1200
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.