Wasgau, Germany
12th century
Busenberg, Germany
12th century
Wachenheim, Germany
12th century
Heidenheim an der Brenz, Germany
12th century
Gotzendorf, Germany
1630
Essing, Germany
11th century
Schorndorf, Germany
1538
Eschbach, Germany
11th century
Bad Honnef, Germany
c. 1200
Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg, Germany
1338
Schloßprunn, Germany
c. 1200
Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
13th century
Lichtenberg, Germany
12th century
Nossen, Germany
12th century
Düren, Germany
12th century
Bad Dürkheim, Germany
13th century
Sankt Goarshausen, Germany
c. 1371
Niederheimbach, Germany
13th century
Waldburg, Germany
c. 1100
Tharandt, Germany
13th century
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.