Glowe, Germany
14th century
Waischenfeld, Germany
12th century
Neuerburg, Germany
12th century
Wellmich, Germany
1356
Neuenstein, Germany
16th century
Euskirchen, Germany
11th century
Pottenstein, Germany
14th century
Flachslanden, Germany
13th century
Cochem, Germany
c. 1240
Ulm, Germany
1842-1849
Gundelsheim, Germany
1200/1533
Viechtach, Germany
1340-1350
Vilseck, Germany
12th century
Bühl, Germany
c. 1200
Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Germany
13th century
Montabaur, Germany
1687–1709
Zell (Mosel), Germany
1515
Alzey, Germany
13th century
Crimmitschau, Germany
12th century
Niederheimbach, Germany
1294
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.