Kobern-Gondorf, Germany
12th century
Ottendorf-Okrilla, Germany
16th century
Hausach, Germany
13th century
Hückeswagen, Germany
c. 1189
Karlstadt, Germany
9th century AD
Vlotho, Germany
c. 1250
Hiltpoltstein, Germany
11th century
Hexenagger, Germany
10th century
Isenburg, Germany
c. 1100
Lahnstein, Germany
1324
Uhingen, Germany
1596
Ballmertshofen, Germany
16th century
Leisnig, Germany
10th century AD
Wissen, Germany
12th century
Schönecken, Germany
1230
Wangen im Allgäu, Germany
12th century
Senden, Germany
12th century
Alf, Germany
c. 936 AD
Bechtersbohl, Germany
1125-1141
Bad Grönenbach, Germany
1280
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.