Chemnitz, Germany
14th century
Sommersdorf, Germany
14th century
Prümer Burg, Germany
12th century
Hachen, Germany
c. 1000 AD
Hamm, Germany
14th century
Dresden, Germany
1543
Krautheim, Germany
1213
Castrop-Rauxel, Germany
13th century
Buchheim, Germany
12th century
Radeberg, Germany
13th century
Reutlingen, Germany
13th century
Friesenhagen, Germany
13th century
Andernach, Germany
14th century
Schneppenbach, Germany
10th century AD
Bad Driburg, Germany
14th century
Plauen, Germany
c. 1250
Luckau, Germany
16th century
Tuttlingen, Germany
1460
Zwingenberg, Germany
1404
Neuenburg, Germany
1462
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.