Malberg, Germany
1591-1597
Dietenhofen, Germany
13th century
Elsterberg, Germany
1200-1225
Aufseß, Germany
14th century
Grund, Germany
13th century
Frohburg, Germany
16th century
Burkheim, Germany
13th century
Dahn, Germany
1230-1240
Emmendingen, Germany
c. 1200
Burgschwalbach, Germany
1354-1371
Frankenstein, Germany
c. 1100
Hellenthal, Germany
1202-1235
Mürlenbach, Germany
8th century AD
Bad Driburg, Germany
8th century AD
Neckarsteinach, Germany
13th century
Leibertingen, Germany
13th century
Marienheide, Germany
1273
Oelsnitz, Vogtland, Germany
c. 1200
Insel Neuwerk, Germany
1300-1310
Lambrecht, Germany
c. 1330
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.