Kobern-Gondorf, Germany
1859-1960
Kipfenberg, Germany
12th century
Schillingsfürst, Germany
1753-1793
Bad Liebenzell, Germany
12th century
Wachtberg, Germany
11th century
Weilerswist, Germany
14th century
Altenahr, Germany
14th century
Lambrecht, Germany
13th century
Battenberg, Germany
13th century
Lambrecht, Germany
12th century
Ortenburg, Germany
1562
Sulzberg, Germany
c. 1170
Heimerzheim, Germany
13th century
Lüdinghausen, Germany
1120
Höhr-Grenzhausen, Germany
c. 1210
Gnotzheim, Germany
12th century
Borgholzhausen, Germany
17th century
Bacharach, Germany
12th century
Burglengenfeld, Germany
12th century
Bonndorf im Schwarzwald, Germany
c. 1200
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.