Sulzdorf an der Lederhecke, Germany
12th century
Annweiler, Germany
12th century
Bruch, Germany
14th century
Kirchberg (Rhineland-Palatinate), Germany
14th century
Frankenstein, Germany
13th century
Pfedelbach, Germany
1568-1572
Ilshofen, Germany
13th century
Thierstein, Germany
14th century
Strehla, Germany
1335
Reinsberg, Germany
12th century
Riedheim, Germany
13th century
Euskirchen, Germany
12th century
Scheinfeld, Germany
1608-1618
Ipsheim, Germany
12th century
Bopfingen, Germany
11th century
Dhronecken, Germany
13th century
Nohfelden, Germany
13th century
Wäschenbeuren, Germany
1220
Falkenstein, Germany
c. 1074
Trippstadt, Germany
12th century
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.