Laguna de Negrillos, Spain
13th century
Cofrentes, Spain
12th century
Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
13th century
Canena, Spain
16th century
Ardales, Spain
9th century AD
Sax, Spain
10th century AD
Magacela, Spain
12th century
Bonilla de la Sierra, Spain
14th century
Petrer, Spain
12th century
Ledesma, Spain
12th century
Cervera del Maestre, Spain
12th century
Orce, Spain
11th century
Banyeres de Mariola, Spain
13th century
Burguillos del Cerro, Spain
13th century
Nogales, Spain
15th century
Olmillos de Sasamón, Spain
1446
Villalonso, Spain
15th century
Berlanga de Duero, Spain
15th century
Medinaceli, Spain
15th century
Monroy, Spain
14th century
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.