Maceda, Spain
11th century
Carcabuey, Spain
13th century
Caracena, Spain
1491
Ucero, Spain
12th century
Segorbe, Spain
13th century
Constantina, Spain
13th century
Alfoz, Spain
14th century
Ferreries, Spain
13th century
Moeche, Spain
14th century
Alange, Spain
9th century AD
Alcora, Spain
10th century AD
Mombeltrán, Spain
1462-1474
Poza de la Sal, Spain
9th century AD
Tiedra, Spain
13th century
Ocio, Spain
12th century
Castalla, Spain
11th century
San Cebrian de Castro, Spain
12th century
San Fernando, Spain
13th century
Brozas, Spain
14th century
Cocentaina, Spain
13th century
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.