Ferrol, Spain
1731-1775
A Lanzada, Spain
c. 960 AD
Calatañazor, Spain
11th century
Zafra, Spain
1443
Cádiz, Spain
1706
Chelva, Spain
11th century
Monforte de Lemos, Spain
10th century AD
Zahara de la Sierra, Spain
13th century
Lucena, Spain
9th century AD
Ciudad Rodrigo, Spain
1372
Artajona, Spain
11th century
Rota, Spain
13th century
El Puerto de Santa María, Spain
12th century
Coca, Spain
15th century
Cartagena, Spain
18th century
Alicante, Spain
1813
Medina del Campo, Spain
11th century
Medellín, Spain
14th century
Dénia, Spain
11th century
Villena, Spain
12th century
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.