Carcassonne, France
333 AD
Carcassonne, France
c. 1130
Albi, France
13th century
Collioure, France
1207
Uzès, France
11th century
Villeneuve-lès-Avignon, France
14th century
Lourdes, France
11th century
Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, France
806 AD
Castelnou, France
990 AD
Foix, France
10th century
Perpignan, France
1276-1309
Belcastel, France
9th century AD
Salses-le-Château, France
1497-1504
Estaing, France
15th century
Sévérac-d'Aveyron, France
13th century
Prévenchères, France
12th century
Cucugnan, France
11th century
Penne, France
9th century AD
Lastours, France
11th century
Beaucens, France
14th century
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.