Dresden, Germany
c. 1200
Rathen, Germany
13th century
Leipzig, Germany
1670
Königstein, Germany
13th century
Meißen, Germany
10th century
Augustusburg, Germany
1568-1572
Pillnitz, Germany
1720
Colditz, Germany
c. 1158
Moritzburg, Germany
1542
Freiberg, Germany
1168/1566
Stolpen, Germany
c. 1100
Kriebstein, Germany
1384
Lichtenwalde, Germany
1722-1730
Pirna, Germany
1460
Dresden, Germany
1854
Rochlitz, Germany
10th century AD
Torgau, Germany
10th century
Oybin, Germany
13th century
Bautzen, Germany
16th century
Schwarzenberg, Germany
12th century
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.