Lichtentanne, Germany
c. 1200
Schlettau, Germany
13th century
Zwickau, Germany
1587-1590
Limbach-Oberfrohna, Germany
1635
Grimma, Germany
13th century
Trebsen, Germany
991 AD
Netzschkau, Germany
1490
Crimmitschau, Germany
12th century
Glauchau, Germany
1470
Hartenstein, Saxony, Germany
12th century
Wolkenstein, Germany
14th century
Wermsdorf, Germany
1721
Leisnig, Germany
10th century AD
Chemnitz, Germany
14th century
Radeberg, Germany
13th century
Plauen, Germany
c. 1250
Frankenberg, Saxony, Germany
c. 1210
Klipphausen, Germany
c. 1200
Wildenfels, Germany
12th century
Frohburg, Germany
16th century
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.