Eguisheim, France
13th century
Orschwiller, France
12th century
Kaysersberg Vignoble, France
c. 1220
Saverne, France
1780-1790
Kintzheim, France
c. 1250
Ribeauvillé, France
13th century
Saverne, France
16th century
Lichtenberg, France
13th century
Wintzenheim, France
1279
La Petite-Pierre, France
12th century
Eguisheim, France
11th century
Strasbourg, France
c. 1750
Ferrette, France
12th century
Scherwiller, France
1260-1265
Dambach, France
13th century
Lembach, France
13th century
Windstein, France
13th century
Bas-Rhin, France
1246-1264
Lembach, France
12th century
Andlau, France
1246-1250
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.