Valençay, France
1540
Mehun-sur-Yèvre, France
13th century
Sagonne, France
14th century
Châteauneuf-sur-Cher, France
11th century
Lignières, France
1654-1660
Sarzay, France
14th century
Apremont-sur-Allier, France
15th century
Ainay-le-Vieil, France
14th century
Meillant, France
1510
Culan, France
12th century
Le Noyer, France
16th century
Bannegon, France
12th century
Oizon, France
ca. 1500
Blancafort, France
15th century
Boulleret, France
13th century
Mornay-Berry, France
13th century
Saint-Christophe-le-Chaudry, France
c. 1380
Villegongis, France
16th century
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.