Tours, France
11th century
Le Lude, France
13th century
Brissac-Quincé, France
11th century
Châteaudun, France
1170
Gien, France
15th century
Noirmoutier-en-l'Île, France
12th century
Montrésor, France
1493
Brézé, France
1060
Montsoreau, France
1455
Montbazon, France
1912-1928
Beaugency, France
12th century
Meung-sur-Loire, France
ca. 1200
Céré-la-Ronde, France
1460
Cléré-les-Pins, France
16th century
Saint-Brisson-sur-Loire, France
13th century
Montrichard Val de Cher, France
12th century
Lémeré, France
1445
La Guerche, France
15th century
Soulaire-et-Bourg, France
1468-1472
Amboise, France
1496
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.