Fuengirola, Spain
956 AD
Jaén, Spain
8th century AD
Carmona, Spain
12th century
Zahara de la Sierra, Spain
13th century
Lucena, Spain
9th century AD
Rota, Spain
13th century
El Puerto de Santa María, Spain
12th century
Archidona, Spain
9th century AD
Iznájar, Spain
8th century AD
Montefrío, Spain
15th century
Alcaudete, Spain
13th century
La Iruela, Spain
11th century
Carmona, Spain
13th century
Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain
15th century
Alcalá de los Gazules, Spain
12th century
Zuheros, Spain
11th century
Monturque, Spain
8th century AD
Baños de la Encina, Spain
967 AD
Guadix, Spain
11th century
Almería, Spain
11th century
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.