Zahara de los Atunes, Spain
13th century
Chipiona, Spain
1295
Segura de la Sierra, Spain
13th century
Cuevas del Almanzora, Spain
13th century
Vélez-Blanco, Spain
1506
Cazorla, Spain
11th century
Íllora, Spain
9th century AD
Baena, Spain
9th century AD
Jimena de la Frontera, Spain
8th century AD
Cabra, Spain
9th century AD
El Coronil, Spain
14th century
Niebla, Spain
1402
Santa Olalla del Cala, Spain
13th century
Tabernas, Spain
11th century
Cumbres Mayores, Spain
1293
Estepa, Spain
10th century
Alcalá de Guadaíra, Spain
11th century
San Fernando, Spain
13th century
Vélez-Málaga, Spain
10th century AD
Morón de la Frontera, Spain
8th century AD
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.