Spain, Spain
15th century
Cortegana, Spain
13th century
Álora, Spain
9th century AD
Ardales, Spain
9th century AD
Orce, Spain
11th century
Cartaya, Spain
15th century
Lopera, Spain
11th century
Gaucín, Spain
10th century AD
Loja, Spain
9th century AD
Arcos de la Frontera, Spain
14th century
Carcabuey, Spain
13th century
Constantina, Spain
13th century
Ardales, Spain
9th century AD
San Fernando, Spain
13th century
Aguilar de la Frontera, Spain
9th century AD
Albanchez de Mágina, Spain
14th century
Bedmar, Spain
15th century
Lanjarón, Spain
13th century
Moclín, Spain
13th century
Moguer, Spain
14th century
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.