Miranda de Ebro, Spain
1449
Ampudia, Spain
13th century
Béjar, Spain
13th century
Alba de Tormes, Spain
13th century
Soria, Spain
c. 756 AD
Aguilar de Campoo, Spain
12th century
La Adrada, Spain
14th century
Arévalo, Spain
14th century
Grajal de Campos, Spain
16th century
Rebolledo de la Torre, Spain
14th century
El Barco de Ávila, Spain
15th century
Urueña, Spain
1060
Rello, Spain
15th century
Torrelobatón, Spain
1406
Toro, Spain
10th century
Fuentes de Valdepero, Spain
15th century
Haza, Spain
12th century
Peñaranda de Duero, Spain
15th century
Portillo, Spain
14th century
San Martín del Castañar, Spain
15th century
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.