Ribadavia, Spain
15th century
Baiona, Spain
11th century
Catoira, Spain
9th century AD
A Lanzada, Spain
c. 960 AD
Monforte de Lemos, Spain
10th century AD
Castro Caldelas, Spain
14th century
Monterrei, Spain
12th century
Soutomaior, Spain
12th century
Vimianzo, Spain
13th century
Pontedeume, Spain
13th century
A Pena, Spain
14th century
Santiago de Compostela, Spain
c. 1240
San Saturnino, Spain
14th century
Brión, Spain
9th century AD
Maceda, Spain
11th century
Alfoz, Spain
14th century
Moeche, Spain
14th century
Folgoso de Caurel, Spain
12th century
A Peroxa, Spain
13th century
Lugo, Spain
15th century
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.