Senden, Germany
12th century
Hachen, Germany
c. 1000 AD
Castrop-Rauxel, Germany
13th century
Bad Driburg, Germany
14th century
Euskirchen, Germany
1340
Geilenkirchen, Germany
15th century
Tecklenburg, Germany
1490
Billerbeck, Germany
15th century
Detmold, Germany
1190
Grund, Germany
13th century
Hellenthal, Germany
1202-1235
Bad Driburg, Germany
8th century AD
Marienheide, Germany
1273
Legden, Germany
14th century
Langerwehe, Germany
12th century
Hemer, Germany
1353
Lennestadt, Germany
1202-1225
Wachtberg, Germany
11th century
Weilerswist, Germany
14th century
Heimerzheim, Germany
13th century
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.