Zülpich, Germany
12th century
Wachtberg, Germany
9th century
Niederzier, Germany
1280
Zülpich, Germany
14th century
Blankenheim, Germany
11th century
Warburg, Germany
c. 1150
Meckenheim-Lüftelberg, Germany
15th century
Lindlar, Germany
15th century
Euskirchen, Germany
14th century
Euskirchen, Germany
14th century
Weilerswist, Germany
14th century
Weilerswist, Germany
14th century
Zülpich, Germany
14th century
Preußisch Oldendorf, Germany
13th century
Wassenberg, Germany
13th century
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.