Borgo Valsugana, Italy
13th century
Lasino, Italy
12th century
Segonzano, Italy
13th century
Nanno, Italy
13th century
Tassullo, Italy
12th century
Comano Terme, Italy
12th century
Vigolo Vattaro, Italy
15th century
Campodenno, Italy
12th century
Castelfondo, Italy
13th century
Faedo, Italy
c. 1200
Bondone, Italy
11th century
Sporminore, Italy
1165
Isera, Italy
c. 1000 AD
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.