Peniscola, Spain
1294-1307
Alicante, Spain
9th century AD
Sagunto, Spain
8th century AD
Morella, Spain
13th century
Elche, Spain
15th century
Xàtiva, Spain
11th century
Chelva, Spain
11th century
Dénia, Spain
11th century
Villena, Spain
12th century
Biar, Spain
12th century
Novelda, Spain
10th century AD
Villafamés, Spain
14th century
Oropesa, Spain
13th century
Todolella, Spain
14th century
Alcalà de Xivert, Spain
11th century
Onda, Spain
10th century AD
Ayora, Spain
13th century
Chulilla, Spain
14th century
Castellón de la Plana, Spain
11th century
Cofrentes, Spain
12th century
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.