Sax, Spain
10th century AD
Petrer, Spain
12th century
Cervera del Maestre, Spain
12th century
Banyeres de Mariola, Spain
13th century
Cortes de Pallás, Spain
14th century
Segorbe, Spain
13th century
Alcora, Spain
10th century AD
Castalla, Spain
11th century
Cocentaina, Spain
13th century
Elda, Spain
c. 1172
Benicasim, Spain
10th century AD
Jalance, Spain
11th century
Santa Magdalena de Pulpis, Spain
11th century
Corbera, Spain
11th century
Gaibiel, Spain
12th century
Alcoy, Spain
13th century
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.