Adrano, Italy
1157
Chiusa, Italy
1687
San Giovanni in Fiore, Italy
1198
Corigliano-Rossano, Italy
1095
Ferrania, Italy
1096
Trambileno, Italy
753 AD
Turin, Italy
1029-1031
Bolzano, Italy
c. 1200
Caltanissetta, Italy
1092-1153
San Benigno Canavese, Italy
1003
Weissenstein, Italy
1553
Tiglieto, Italy
1120
Novara di Sicilia, Italy
1137
Capo di Ponte, Italy
11th century
Mortara, Italy
5th century AD
Pavia, Italy
11th century
Atella, Italy
10th century AD
Abbadia Cerreto, Italy
1139
Frazzanò, Italy
1090
Borghetto di Vara, Italy
881 AD
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.