Częstochowa, Poland
1382
Kraków, Poland
c. 1044
Trzebnica, Poland
1203
Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, Poland
1600
Pelplin, Poland
1258
Lubiąż, Poland
1175
Supraśl, Poland
1498
Góra Świętej Anny, Poland
16th century
Krzeszów, Poland
1728-1735
Kraków, Poland
1222
Bielany, Poland
17th century
Sulejów, Poland
1176
Jędrzejów, Poland
1140
Legnickie Pole, Poland
1723-1738
Jabłeczna, Poland
15th century
Zagórz, Poland
1730
Bieniszew, Poland
1747-1791
Szczyrzyc, Poland
1234
Kołbacz, Poland
1173
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.