Carnoustie, United Kingdom
10th century AD
Ristiina, Finland
3000 - 2500 BC
Enköping, Sweden
1700-500 BC
Offerdal, Sweden
7000 - 2000 BC
Torhamn, Sweden
1700-550 BC
Simrishamn, Sweden
2000 - 1700 BC
Tanum, Sweden
1800-1500 BC
Dundee, United Kingdom
500-800 AD
Rionansa, Spain
18000 BCE
Papasidero, Italy
17000 - 6400 BCE
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.