Toledo, Spain
0-100 AD
Salamanca, Spain
0-100 AD
Lugo, Spain
3rd century AD
Cartagena, Spain
2nd century BCE
Mérida, Spain
2nd century AD
León, Spain
200-300 AD
Alcúdia, Spain
123 BC
Vigo, Spain
0-300 AD
Córdoba, Spain
0-100 AD
Iruña de Oca, Spain
1st century AD
Medellín, Spain
1st century BCE
Alcántara, Spain
104 AD
Seville, Spain
68-65 BCE
Alicante, Spain
3rd century BCE
Mérida, Spain
c. 20 BCE
Alcántara, Spain
103 AD
Pedrosa de la Vega, Spain
350-400 AD
Ibiza, Spain
6th century AD
Torrox, Spain
2nd century BCE
Alange, Spain
2nd century AD
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.