The ancient village of Roccavaldina was conquered by Romans, Byzantine and Arabs. Later in the Middle Ages, it was ruled by Roger I, who built numerous monasteries with the aim to spread the Christian culture over the area. The Valdina Castle was built as a stronghold in the 16th century and later transformed in a prive aristocratic house; the Chemistry Museum is an ancient shop created in 1628 which contains over 200 apothecary jars made with the local ceramics.
References:The Clementinum is a historic complex of buildings in Prague. Until recently the complex hosted the National, University and Technical libraries, the City Library also being located nearby on Mariánské Náměstí. The Technical library and the Municipal library have moved to the Prague National Technical Library at Technická 6 since 2009. It is currently in use as the National Library of the Czech Republic.
Its history dates from the existence of a chapel dedicated to Saint Clement in the 11th century. A Dominican monastery was founded in the medieval period, which was transformed in 1556 to a Jesuit college. In 1622 the Jesuits transferred the library of Charles University to the Klementinum, and the college was merged with the University in 1654. The Jesuits remained until 1773, when the Klementinum was established as an observatory, library, and university by the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria.