The Archaeological Park of Cava d'Ispica is located in the northern part of the valley which is extended among large and impressive gorges for about 14km. The monumental archaeological evidences which are currently visible have been found thanks to the excavations in the rock and they can be ascribed to three periods: the prehistoric period, the Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
Evidences of the Ancient Bronze Age (the Castelluccio age which dates back to 2200- 1450 BC) are a number of settlements scattered along the valley, with oven tombs necropolis. Among them, there is the necropolis of Baravitalla, located in the northern part of the quarry, with a monumental well preserved tomb, with a façade decorated with ten pillars. In the above plain, the remains of the village have been found, together with the original archaeological finds (e.g. plates with spheres) and numerous terracotta ornaments.
Even during the Late Antiquity, the valley featured an impressive necropolis with catacombs and small burial tombs. Among them, there is the Larderia catacomb, which is divided into three aisles and contains more than 400 burial graves, dating back to the 4th and 5th century A.D. Other Christian evidences can be found in the other burial area called “Camposanto caves”.
References:The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.