Caltavuturo Castle clings to the top of the hill called Terravecchia, overlooking the modern small town to the north. It was originally the city's medieval core, completely abandoned for a different site (that of the modern town) only in modern times. The origins date from the Arab period.
Some massive parts of the walls remain, being a curtain wall of quadrangular plan and another semi-cylindrical tower to protect the access on the north side.
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.