Strata Florida Abbey

Tregaron, United Kingdom

Strata Florida Abbey was founded in 1164 by the Cambro-Norman Knight Robert FitzStephen. In the 12th century, Cistercian monks from Whitland Abbey, Narbeth, Carmarthenshire started to construct a religious settlement on the banks of the Afon Fflur (from which the present Abbey takes its name), a short distance from the present site. This was at a time of fast expansion of the Cistercian order. The church was consecrated in 1201.

Several descendants of the Lord Rhys have been buried at this Abbey, including 11 princes of the Welsh royal house of Dinefwr of Deheubarth during the 12th and 13th centuries Notable burials include Prince Gruffydd ap Rhys II and poet Dafydd ap Gwilym.

Strata Florida became an important and powerful religious centre. Around 1238, Prince Llywelyn ap Iorwerth held a council at Strata Florida. It was here that he made the other Welsh leaders acknowledge his son Dafydd as his rightful successor. Strata Florida controlled many farms throughout Wales.

In 1401, during the early years of Owain Glyndŵr's rebellion, Strata Florida Abbey was taken by King Henry IV and his son. The monks were deemed to be sympathetic to Glyndŵr, so they were evicted from the monastery, which was plundered. Henry IV turned the religious buildings into a military base as he planned to capture or defeat any Welsh rebel forces active in the area. By 1402 the Earl of Worcester held the Abbey for the English Crown with a garrison of several hundred men-at-arms, archers and foot soldiers. It continued to be used as a military base for further campaigns against the Welsh rebels in 1407 and 1415.

The monastic site was returned to the Cistercians with the end of the Glyndŵr rebellion.

Dissolution

Beginning in 1539, Henry VIII used his dissatisfaction with the Catholic Church in Rome to dissolve and sack the monasteries of England and Wales. Strata Florida Abbey was dissolved in 1539 by church commissioners. The buildings and their contents were valued and then sold off. The church and most of the ancillary buildings were demolished for building materials such as the window glass and stone as well as the roof tiles and lead. However, the refectory and dormitory were rebuilt as Ty Abaty, a house for the local gentry. The property has been owned by a number of notable families including the Steadmans and the Powells of Nanteos. Much of the former monastic lands of the Cistercian abbey at Strata Florida were given to Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex who sold them on to Sir John Vaughan, of Trawsgoed. Through his marriage to Jane Stedman, daughter of John Stedman of Ystrad Fflur and Cilcennin, he gained more land on which to create the large Trawsgoed estate.

The present parish church of St. Mary, within the boundaries of the graveyard, may have been built with stone taken from the monastic site.

Abandonment

Following its dissolution, the site of Strata Florida Abbey was left to deteriorate. It was not until the coming of the railways in the late 19th century that interest in the site was rekindled. Stephen Williams, a railway engineer, was surveying a possible route through the area when he took an interest in the ruins. As Williams was a founder member of the Cambrian Archaeological Association, he invited the group to the site in 1848. Following this visit the Association leased the Abbey site in order to create better displays and presentations to the public.

Williams, who was to become a leading expert on the archaeology of the Cistercian Order, was placed in charge of excavations. Over the next few years, he removed huge amounts of spoil, to uncover the majority of remains that are still on view today. Interest in the ruins brought in wealthy Victorians by railway. Strata Florida, a principal station on the Carmarthen Aberystwyth Line, was named after the Abbey.

Present day

The site was designated as a Scheduled Ancient Monument in 1919 and is now in the care of Cadw. It has a variety of ruins. The only substantive structure remaining of the monastery is the main entrance archway. The Great West Door to the Abbey Church has low walls marking the extent of the church and its six subsidiary chapels. A modern roof protects an area of excavated work medieval tiling. The small on-site museum has some of these tiles on display. One of the best-known is one depicting a medieval gentleman admiring himself in a mirror.

The graveyard next to the Abbey ruins is still used for burials. A memorial to the Welsh language poet, Dafydd ap Gwilym, who is interred here is next to an ancient yew tree. A stone memorial in the Chapter House commemorates the princes who are buried at Strata Florida. It is a replica; the original is housed in the site's small museum.

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Details

Founded: 1164
Category: Religious sites in United Kingdom

More Information

en.wikipedia.org

Rating

4.4/5 (based on Google user reviews)

User Reviews

W Bagehot (39 days ago)
We were driving from Llanberis to Hay-On-Wye and it only took a small detour to pay a visit to Strata Florida. Oh boy it was worth it…it was the middle of Autumn and we had the whole place for ourselves. We wandered around in silence, enjoying these amazing ruins. Would we have liked to have the little museum open during our visit? Well, yes, perhaps, but still, we enjoyed immensely the solitude of the place and to be there alone. If you are lucky enough to be there on a day like this, you will remember the experience for years to come.
Helen Kendrick (4 months ago)
Atmospheric place in idyllic location. Better to visit when visitor centre and indoor display also open. Check website.
Anthony Hurdidge (4 months ago)
We visited Strata Florida on a warm and sunny day and incredibly had the place to ourselves, just about. We got a sense of it being a special place from the drive from the village, through the woods, and finally arriving. We felt we were in for a treat, and we were. Parking in the carpark, we visited the museum, which gave us the history of the Abbey, the monks who lived and worked here, from the 11thC until the Dissoloution of the Monestries during Henry V111's reign. With funding from various sources, the site has restored a building into the museum, and plans are afoot to upgrade the adjoining buildings, including the house. The volunteer was busy trimming flowers to make the museum look inviting, and it worked. We spent a while looking at the exhibits and reading the information. We saw a pair of children's shoes in a doorway, and they were left where they were found during restoration. They were glass covered as you walked over them to look in the next room, laid out as someone's home, with an open fireplace, writing desks, and other pieces of furniture. From here, we walked to the ruins and especially the huge archway, which is all that is left standing. Walls depicting the size of the Abbey surround you, with the outer ones about 3m high and the internal ones about 1m high. Walking around the walls, we were amazed at how large the Abbey was, considering its location, mile's from any town, and in the Cambrian Mountains. Apart from another couple, we had the place to ourselves. We sat at picnic tables for our lunch before walking around to the small chapel, which still holds services today. We went inside and felt at peace. Afterwards, we walked along the river up through the woods, along an ancient cart trail to a gate into open countryside. Due to the wet and boggy ground, we returned to the car, stopping on a bridge to play Pooh Sticks. It has to be the fastest games we have ever played, as the bridge was narrow and the river fast flowing!! From here, we drove half a mile to a carpark, which was close to the main gate to the Abbey when it was first built. The Abbey was believed to be one of the largest clerical estates in the UK, at 12,000 hectares. We walked around the two short wooded walks, Aspen and Birchwood, before walking along a trail up a long hill, with interesting views over the countryside. Along the trail, we read the notice boards depicting what wildlife could be observed. We saw a couple of Red Kites circling on the thermals and lots of dragon flies. The weather had been glorious all day, and after blowing bubbles amongst the trees, we set off home. I had read up about Strata Florida Abbey online and was fascinated to visit the site for myself, and we were not to be disappointed. My wife and I felt very "at home" here, a place to come to for relaxation, for mental calming and be at one with nature. This is definitely worthy of a visit.
alice ineveryland (4 months ago)
So much work is going into restoring the Abbey and grounds..I can't wait to visit again when it's refurbished. The exhibition was exciting and informative. Staff friendly.
Joanne (5 months ago)
Had a great afternoon out at the Archeology Open Day. Very interesting and a lovely friendly atmosphere. The choir was awesome too #Choirsforgood
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