Reggio Calabria Castle was originally built before 540 AD and enlarged by the Normans and later by the Aragonese in 1459. Throughout the centuries it has been restored and enlarged by its conquerors.
The building began to decay in the very early 19th century. Various collapses and demolitions had dotted its history until the recent and radical restoration that brought it back to its original splendor. Today it is the seat of expositions and art exhibitions.
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.