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Founded: 1209Category: Castles and fortifications in France
Historical period: Late Capetians (France)
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The first castle at this site of Château de Péronne was built at the end of the 9th century by Herbert I, Count of Vermandois, to replace a royal palace that had been burned down by Vikings in 884 AD. In 1191 the castle was again made a royal domain. In 1209 the castle was completely rebuilt by Philip II of France into a more-or-less pentagonal shaped stronghold flanked by circular towers and commanded by a large circular keep.
In 1536 Péronne Castle was besieged by the troops of Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, led by the Count of Nassau. The siege ended without succes after 31 days but had destroyed the western part of the castle, including the keep. Later the castle was partly rebuilt and in the 17th century updated to withstand the advances in artillery.
The castle kept its military use up until 1914. In World War I, during the Battle of the Somme, Péronne Castle was almost completely destroyed. After the war it was partly rebuilt in red brick.
The Museum of the Great War (Historial de la Grande Guerre), located in the Château de Péronne, is one of the most important museums in Europe about WW I. It looks at various aspects of the war such as its causes, the everyday life of the soldiers and civilians, the social changes, the reconstruction of a battlefield, the tanks, the planes etc.
References:The Church of St Donatus name refers to Donatus of Zadar, who began construction on this church in the 9th century and ended it on the northeastern part of the Roman forum. It is the largest Pre-Romanesque building in Croatia.
The beginning of the building of the church was placed to the second half of the 8th century, and it is supposed to have been completed in the 9th century. The Zadar bishop and diplomat Donat (8th and 9th centuries) is credited with the building of the church. He led the representations of the Dalmatian cities to Constantinople and Charles the Great, which is why this church bears slight resemblance to Charlemagne's court chapels, especially the one in Aachen, and also to the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. It belongs to the Pre-Romanesque architectural period.
The circular church, formerly domed, is 27 m high and is characterised by simplicity and technical primitivism.