Otranto Cathedral

Otranto, Italy

Otranto Cathedral is dedicated to the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary. It is the archiepiscopal seat of the Archdiocese of Otranto. The cathedral was consecrated in 1088. It is 54 metres long by 25 metres wide and is built on 42 monolithic granite and marble columns from unknown quarries. Its plan is a three-aisled nave with an apsidal east end. On either side of the west façade are two lancet windows.

The most famous feature of the cathedral is the 12th-century floor mosaic covering the entire floor of the nave, the sanctuary and the apse, which is one of the best to survive. The bell tower next to the cathedral was also built in the 12th century.

In August 1480, clergy and survivors of the Ottoman siege of Otranto took refuge in the cathedral – the Ottoman force eventually broke in and killed those inside, turning the church into mosque and destroying its 13th-century frescoes. After Otranto was retaken in 1481 by a force under Alfonso V of Aragon it was turned back into a church and heavily rebuilt to house the relics of the Martyrs of Otranto, who had been executed after the 1480 siege. The reconstruction included the rose window on the gabled west front. In the south aisle is the Chapel of the Martyrs, built by order of Ferdinand I of Naples and rebuilt at public expense in 1711.

A north-west door was built in the late 15th or early 16th century by Nicholas Fernando on the instructions of archbishop Serafino da Squillace, whose figure was carved on the structure. In 1674 a Baroque west door was added. In the north aisle is a Baroque baptistery commissioned by archbishop Michele Orsi in the mid 18th century, a burial monument to Francesco Maria de Aste (died 1719) and the mausoleum of the metropolitan Gaetano Cosso (died 1655). In 1693 archbishop Francesco Maria De Aste built the triumphal arch and in 1698 covered the central nave and the sanctuary with a black, white and gilded wooden ceiling.

Architecture

The hut-shaped façade was restored numerous times during the past centuries. After the ravages of the Turkish occupation in 1480, a large rose window was added: this includes 16 rays with Gothic/Arabic-style, convergent holes. The Baroque-style main portal consists of two half-fluted columns on either side holding up the pediment, with the coat of arms of Archbishop Gabriel de Santander Adarzo supported by two angels. A minor portal, dating to the later 15th-early 16th centuries, is located on the left side of the church. The façade is completed by two single mullioned windows.

The large bell tower has a square plan and a sturdy appearance, with four rounded windows. The decoration of the arches and frames show similar elements of the exterior of the church. The tower, built in mostly white, local variants of limestone, was likely the support of a taller structure, which overwatched the sea and the surrounding areas.

Interior

The interior plan has a nave and two aisles with apses, separated by twelve arches, which are supported by fourteen granite columns each with a different capital

The high altar is in the presbytery area, with an 18th-century silver antependium, with episodes of the Annunciation of Mary.

The remaining frescoes on the walls include traces of Byzantine-style figures, such as the Madonna with Child in the right aisle. The aisles house six altars dedicated to the Resurrection of Jesus, St. Dominic, Assumption of Mary (right), the Pentecost, the Visitation of Mary and St. Anthony of Padua (left), respectively. The left aisle is also home to a Baroque-style baptistery from the mid-18th century, a funerary monument to Francesco Maria de Aste (died 1719) and the mausoleum of Gaetano Cosso (died 1655).

The right aisle ends with the Chapel of the Martyrs. It houses, in seven large glassed recesses, the bones of the Otranto citizens slaughtered and beheaded by the Ottomans on 14 August 1480 after they had refused to abandon the Christian faith. Behind the marble altar is the alleged 'Martyrdom Rock', a stone where, according to the tradition, the eight hundred people were killed.

The crypt, mostly located under the apse and the presbytery, dates from the 11th century and is inspired by Theodosius' cistern and the Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba. It has three semi-circular apses and forty-eight bays supported by more than seventy columns, semicolumns and pillars taken from different ancient and medieval buildings. The decoration includes remains of frescoes dating from the Middle Ages through the 16th century.

References:

Comments

Your name



Details

Founded: 1088
Category: Religious sites in Italy

More Information

en.wikipedia.org

Rating

4.7/5 (based on Google user reviews)

User Reviews

stewart williams (2 months ago)
Like every single cathedral, basilica and church I have visited in Italy, the Cathedral di Santa Maria in Otranto is fantastic. First consecrated in 1088. Highlights inside the Otranto Cathedral include the well preserved 12th Century (1164) mosaic floor/pavement, and the chapel of martyrs where you will find 3 large glass fronted panels showing the limbs and skull bones of 800 or so local Christians killed by invading Ottoman Turks in 1480....look very carefully at the middle panel....are those 6 bullet holes in the top of the skull of one poor individual? Or are they something else? May they all rest in peace. But please make sure you also visit the Cathedral Museum right next door. For a modest 5 euro entrance fee you can marvel at many of the cathedral's religious and artistic treasures ......including a silver thread decorated-silk 17th Century bishop's cloak, a equisitially embroided 17th Century artisan's dress, silver altar adorations, 3D stone reliefs, and a full map/composite of the mosaic floor inside the cathedral. What a priviledge. Grazie Otranto ......Stewart from New Zealand
JALU (4 months ago)
One of the most beautiful churches in Italy and in the world, in my opinion.
David Pereyra (Perspectives) (4 months ago)
This sacred space is unique. Learn about the floor beforehand, and then you will know about it when you visit. It is a whole mosaic floor following ancient techniques. It is a miracle that it was not covered with a new floor in the s XVII.
Krzysztof Remus (5 months ago)
A must-see in absolutely every city in Italy is the cathedral. I try not to describe or judge them because I am a secular person. However, the one in Otranto impressed me so much that I would like to recommend a visit here to absolutely everyone. What catches the eye right at the entrance is a very special mosaic along the entire length of the church. This story, made of tiny stones, shows the great Tree of Life in its central point. From its roots at the base to the crown we can see stories from the Old Testament, a vision of the world of people from hundreds of years ago and scenes straight from the Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri. And they were the ones that impressed me the most. I come from Poland, where in the 11th century, when the cathedral was built, religion was just developing. It is not usual for us to present scenes from hell, people devoured by animals or punished for their crimes. One of the side naves of the church is dedicated to the memory of 800 victims after the siege by the Turks. The walls of this room are decorated with... skulls of murdered people. Empty eye sockets stare at you from three sides, like from some horror movie. The nightmare-like scene made an impression on everyone who decided to walk around the room. The main theme of the tour of the old town of Otranto was the siege and the heroic defense by its inhabitants. The cathedral is a kind of closing of history. I'm glad I had the opportunity to visit it. It casts a shadow and mistery over the beautiful white walls of the fortress, but it also gives the city a unique character.
Dejan Braki (13 months ago)
Throughout our week Puglia tour we saw dozens of beautiful Churches, but this one counts in top 3. It's set in the center of old town Otranto dating back to 11c. A rather simple stone facade hides amazing Tree of Life mosaic spread over the entire Church floor. Another Church highlight is the beautiful wood carved ceiling, as well the skulls and bones Chapel of the Martyrs. After paying hefty entry fees in Lecce Churches, I was pleasantly surprised entry here is free
Powered by Google

Featured Historic Landmarks, Sites & Buildings

Historic Site of the week

Clementinum

The Clementinum is a historic complex of buildings in Prague. Until recently the complex hosted the National, University and Technical libraries, the City Library also being located nearby on Mariánské Náměstí. The Technical library and the Municipal library have moved to the Prague National Technical Library at Technická 6 since 2009. It is currently in use as the National Library of the Czech Republic.

Its history dates from the existence of a chapel dedicated to Saint Clement in the 11th century. A Dominican monastery was founded in the medieval period, which was transformed in 1556 to a Jesuit college. In 1622 the Jesuits transferred the library of Charles University to the Klementinum, and the college was merged with the University in 1654. The Jesuits remained until 1773, when the Klementinum was established as an observatory, library, and university by the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria.