Right in the city centre of Jülich sits the Citadel, one of the best preserved fortresses in Germany and a prime example of Italian High Renaissance architecture north of the Alps. Built in the 16th century as part of an ideal city concept under the reign of Duke William V., it survived numerous wars and sieges. Today it houses the Museum Zitadelle Jülich with its exhibition depicting 2000 years of Jülich’s history and containing one of the most impressive collections of works from Jülich’s most famous son, 19th century landscaper Johann Wilhelm Schirmer.
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The Temple of Edfu is one of the best preserved ancient shrines in Egypt. It was built in the Ptolemaic Kingdom between 237 and 57 BC.
Edfu was one of several temples built during the Ptolemaic Kingdom, including the Dendera Temple complex, Esna, the Temple of Kom Ombo, and Philae. Its size reflects the relative prosperity of the time. The present temple initially consisted of a pillared hall, two transverse halls, and a barque sanctuary surrounded by chapels. The building was started during the reign of Ptolemy III Euergetes and completed in 57 BC under Ptolemy XII Auletes. It was built on the site of an earlier, smaller temple also dedicated to Horus, although the previous structure was oriented east–west rather than north–south as in the present site.