Maglaj Fortress is a large castle mentioned for the first time on in 1408 in the charter of the Hungarian king Sigismund. Although it was made in 14th century to serve in the defence of the Bosnian kingdom, not until the time of the Ottoman rule did the Fortress get its final shape. Fortress Gradina was declared a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2005.
The Fortress Gradina consists of 5 towers: Širbegova or Kapi tower, Dizdareva or Southern tower, Defender tower, The Captain's or North tower and the Clock Tower. The exact data that we posses about the construction of the Maglaj Fortress is only about the Clock tower, and all the information on the appearance, construction and dimensions of the other parts of the Fortress are currently unavailable.
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.