The Norman Castle of Ariano Irpino stands on the top of the hill of the same name (Colle Castello) and is located inside the Municipal Villa.
Of Lombard origin, later restored and enlarged by the Normans, the Norman Castle dominates the Ufita Valley and the Miscano and Cervaro valleys. In addition to standing out for its strategic position and trapezoidal shape, the Castle has four truncated cone towers, interconnected by corridors that open along the perimeter walls. At the top stands the ancient ruin of the keep, from which, as ancient authors claim, it is possible to see the Gulf of Manfredonia. It is not only the harshness of the site and the strength of the solid walls that made it impenetrable but also the intriguing network of underground roads that ran beyond the walls (Madonna di Loreto, Guardia and Pasteni).
The Castle also houses the Museum of Norman Civilisation, which displays around 200 authentic weapons from various periods and, above all, a large model of the Battle of Hastings of 1066, which reconstructs a decisive event in the history of the Normans in Europe.
For centuries, the Norman Castle of Ariano Irpino has been a significant example not only of the presence of the Nordic peoples in Irpinia but also of their architectural and cultural impact on the province of Avellino. Located at the highest and most panoramic point of the town, it offers a vast horizon to the eye, ranging from the Benevento and Montefusco territories to the Camporeale plain and the Apulian gorges.
References:The Clementinum is a historic complex of buildings in Prague. Until recently the complex hosted the National, University and Technical libraries, the City Library also being located nearby on Mariánské Náměstí. The Technical library and the Municipal library have moved to the Prague National Technical Library at Technická 6 since 2009. It is currently in use as the National Library of the Czech Republic.
Its history dates from the existence of a chapel dedicated to Saint Clement in the 11th century. A Dominican monastery was founded in the medieval period, which was transformed in 1556 to a Jesuit college. In 1622 the Jesuits transferred the library of Charles University to the Klementinum, and the college was merged with the University in 1654. The Jesuits remained until 1773, when the Klementinum was established as an observatory, library, and university by the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria.