Also called Saint Michael's Castle, Castle of Avella was built by the Lombards in the 8th century AD in a strategic position. In fact, it dominates the access that connects Monteforte Irpino with the Sabato Valley and leads to Puglia and the Adriatic coast. The hill on which the Castle of Avella rises has also been the scene of further and important archaeological finds: in fact, among its ruins, the famous Cippus Abellanus dating back to about 150 BC was found. It's currently preserved at the Episcopal Seminary of Nola. It's an inscription in Oscan language, bearing the agreement between Abella and Nola and concerning the land in the middle of which there was a municipality Temple of Heracles.
The fortress of the Castle, which takes up the top of the hill, is dominated by the monumental cylindrical tower, typical of Angevin architecture, and by the two imposing structures of the donjon, a particular type of defensive tower. At the base of the fortress, two walls surround the slopes of the hill. Inside this area, there are many remains of rooms belonging to housing structures; among these, the only building preserved on the top is a large rectangular cistern.
The Castle of Avella, a fairytale destination set amidst untouched nature, is the emblem of the medieval past of this town in Lower Irpinia.
References:The Clementinum is a historic complex of buildings in Prague. Until recently the complex hosted the National, University and Technical libraries, the City Library also being located nearby on Mariánské Náměstí. The Technical library and the Municipal library have moved to the Prague National Technical Library at Technická 6 since 2009. It is currently in use as the National Library of the Czech Republic.
Its history dates from the existence of a chapel dedicated to Saint Clement in the 11th century. A Dominican monastery was founded in the medieval period, which was transformed in 1556 to a Jesuit college. In 1622 the Jesuits transferred the library of Charles University to the Klementinum, and the college was merged with the University in 1654. The Jesuits remained until 1773, when the Klementinum was established as an observatory, library, and university by the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria.