The Landesmuseum Mainz, or Mainz State Museum, is a museum of art and history in Mainz, Germany. In March 2010 it reopened in full after an extensive renovation.
The museum has its roots in a painting collection donated by Napoleon and Chaptal to the city of Mainz in 1803. It moved into its current location, in the former electoral stables, in 1937, by which time it had grown significantly. It received its present name in 1986, and was renovated and modernised from 2004 to 2010.
The Pre-Historic and Roman Departments include antiquities from the Mainz area like a Venus-like statue from 23,000 BC, stone axes from the Late Stone Age, Roman stone memorials, a 1st-century Roman Jupiter Column and a 3rd-century Roman arch. Near-Eastern finds include medieval icons, Byzantine art and Egyptian relics.
The museum also hosts Renaissance artworks, and Baroque collection of 17th- and 18th-century paintings, sculptures, furniture and porcelain from Germany, France, the Netherlands and Italy.
References:The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.