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Brindisi di Montagna Castle was built around 1200 and is situated on a large rocky ridge. The architecture is characterized by three main elements: The central part (a long the rocky ridge of the hill).The northern part, with the turret for lookout (later transformed by the Antinori family into the chapel of San Michele) and the southern part where there are few but significant wall traces embedded in the rocky elements.
Its defensive function is evident both from the presence of arrow slits and its position overlooking the intersection of the two routes leading to the fortress. It differs from the Swabian castles in terms of its layout, formal characteristics, and construction techniques, as it predates others built by Frederick II. Instead, it has undergone numerous transformations since the Angevin rule.
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.