The Basilica of Notre-Dame is a Catholic pilgrimage church dedicated to Mary, mother of Jesus. Located in Marienthal, in the Bas-Rhin department of France, it is administratively situated in the town of Haguenau.
The first sanctuary at this site was built around 1250 by the knight Albert of Haguenau (died in 1254), who had had a religious epiphany some ten years prior and had gathered a small community of faithful around him. This first sanctuary, called 'Mary in the Valley', venerated a statue of the Madonna and Child which is not preserved today. The two statues that are venerated today, a Madonna and Child and a Pietà, date from the early 15th century. In the 18th century, the basilica also received precious gifts from queen consort Marie Leszczyńska.
The current, spacious church was built in 1863–1866 in the Gothic Revival style, but keeps a Late Gothic sacristy from 1519, decorated with early Renaissance bosses, and elaborate works of art such as a Dormition of Virgin Mary, and an Entombment of Christ, carved in sandstone by the local master sculptor, Friedrich Hammer (also known as Fritz Hammer, or Frédéric Hammer). Among the 19th-century works of art in the basilica figures a set of frescoes by Martin von Feuerstein (1889).
References:The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.