Guingamp Abbey, Guingamp, France

The Saint-Croix Abbey of Guingamp, in the current municipality of Guingamp (Côtes-d'Armor), is a foundation for the regular canons of Saint Augustine in Brittany, established in 1134 by Count Étienne de Penthièvre for canons from the Saint-Victor Abbey in Paris.

Abbot Jean Hamon (1437-1452) partially rebuilt the 12th-century buildings with the support of Count Pierre de Guingamp. Additional renovations were carried out by Abbot Jean de Kernavanay (1514-1536). During the conflicts of the League in Brittany, Sainte-Croix was the only monastery in Guingamp to escape plunder by royal troops. Between 1592 and 1639, under the abbacy of Pierre Cornulier, who was the Bishop of Tréguier and later of Rennes, the canons were replaced by six priests, one of whom held the rank of prior.

In the 18th century, a prior was accused by three of the chaplains of no longer celebrating the canonical office, although he continued to receive his prebend. The buildings were in a state of ruin, and in 1748, the Bishop of Tréguier had the Holy Sacrament transferred to the Rochefort Chapel. During the refurbishment around 1750, only the transept crossing and the polygonal apse of the original building were successfully preserved. During the French Revolution, the abbey and the abbey premises were sold as national property and gradually disappeared.

References:

Wikipedia

Walls of Constantinople

The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.

Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.

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