The Museum of Mosaics in Devnya, Bulgaria, is situated on the remains of a Late Roman villa known as the House of Antiope. Founded in 1976 through archaeological research, the villa dates back to the late 3rd or early 4th century AD. The museum showcases mosaics from the Roman and early Byzantine city of Marcianopolis, along with other archaeological artifacts.
The villa, almost square in shape, features 21 rooms around an inner courtyard, with a total area of 1,409 m2. The museum building, designed by architect Kamen Goranov, covers the western part of the villa. However, there have been concerns about the building's structural integrity, with visible cracks and sinking due to groundwater.
Three of the mosaics are exhibited in situ and the remaining have been moved from their original locations in order to be conserved and restored. As a whole, the mosaics were laid out using the opus tessellatum (tiles aligned in horizontal or vertical lines) and opus vermiculatum (tiles aligned so as to draw an outline around the shapes) techniques. The tiles were made of marble, clay, limestone and coloured glass and include 16 colour varieties.
References:The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.