The Saint-Pierre Abbey in Airvault was initially a collegiate church of regular canons of Saint Augustine, founded around 990 by Audéarde, wife of Viscount Herbert I of Thouars. As the canons were lax in following the rules of the Order of Saint Augustine, the Bishop of Poitiers decided to send a monk from the Augustinian abbey of Lesterps in Limousin to reform it. Pierre de Fonte Salubri (of Saine Fontaine) was appointed the first abbot of Airvault in 1096 and died on August 7, 1110. He undertook the construction of the abbey church. According to the Chronicle of Saint-Maixent, the church was consecrated in 1100 but subsequently underwent modifications and additions.
After the creation of the diocese of Maillezais in 1317, transferred to La Rochelle in 1648, the abbey became dependent on it.
During the Revolution a road was pierced through the abbey separating the convent buildings of the abbey. Several buildings are still visible as the room called the 'vat', the 'prison' (fortified gate), underground rooms, the fourteenth-century chapel and especially the abbey house which has hosted since 1975 the municipal museum.
Saint-Émilion is a picturesque medieval village renowned for its well-preserved architecture and vineyards. The town and surrounding vineyards was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999, owing to its long, living history of wine-making, Romanesque churches and ruins stretching all along steep and narrow streets.
An oppidum was built on the hill overlooking the present-day city in Gaulish times, before the regions was annexed by Augustus in 27 BC. The Romans planted vineyards in what was to become Saint-Émilion as early as the 2nd century. In the 4th century, the Latin poet Ausonius lauded the fruit of the bountiful vine.
Because the region was located on the route of the Camino de Santiago, many monasteries and churches were built during the Middle Ages, and in 1199, while under Plantagenet rule, the town was granted full rights.